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The subject of the inheritance of intelligence is the genetics of mental abilities. Research in this field is facing a number of difficulties, because intelligence as a trait is a fuzzy concept. Therefore, by many the genetics of intelligence is operationally restricted to the genetics of IQ or the underlying g factor. Nevertheless, intelligence is embedded in the personality as a whole and its development during the lifespan of an individual. Not only is the number of social and biological factors influencing the development of a person a large one, but also there are a number of underlying genes with many minor and very few major effects.
Interindividual differences in the learning ability are also known from mice, dogs and other animals, and the achievements of pure strains can be improved by breeding. In such a way also behaviour genetics is contributing to our knowledge of the inheritance of mental traits. There is an open question to which degree differences of animal behaviour have any meaning for differences in human intelligence.
The main interest of the broader public is focused on the question, what role is played by nature versus nurture in the development of IQ. At the contrary, the science of genetics is trying to discover the genes contributing to IQ differences. The area, along with the entire field of intelligence research, has been strongly criticised, from some academics and public media
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